Discuss the following principles enunciated
by Henri Fayol
(i)
Division of Labor
(ii)
Unity of Direction
(iii)
Discipline
(iv)
Order
(Exam-JAIBB, Organization and Management,
June, 2014)
Ans:
Henri
Fayol (1841-1925) was a French management theorist whose theories in management
and organization of labor were widely influential in the beginning of
20th
century. He was a mining engineer who worked for a French mining company Commentry
– Fourchamboult - Decazeville, first as an engineer, then moved into general
management and Managing Director from 1888 to 1918.
During
his tenure as MD he wrote various articles on administration and in 1916
The Bulletin
de la Société de l’ Industrie Minérale, printed his Administration,
Industrielleet Générale – Prévoyance, Ogranisation, Commandement, Coordination,
Contrôle.
In 1949
the first English translation appeared and titled 'General and Industrial Management'
by Constance Storrs.
The principles enunciated by Henri Fayol are asked to discuss, discussed below-
Division of Labor
• Specialization
of jobs.
• Work of
all kinds must be divided & subdivided and allotted to various persons
according to their expertise in a particular area.
• Subdivision
of work makes it simpler and results in efficiency.
• It also
helps the individual in acquiring speed, accuracy in his performance and
familiarity of job.
Unity of Direction
• Fayol advocates
one head one plan- there should be one plan for a group of activities having
similar objectives.
•Related
activities should be grouped together.
•There should
be one plan of action for them and they should be under the charge of a
particular manager.
• Efforts
of all the members of the organization should be directed towards common goal.
• Without
unity of direction, unity of action cannot be achieved.
• Unity of
command is not possible without unity of direction.
Order
• A place
for everything and everything in its place.
• Proper &
systematic arrangement of things and people.
• Arrangement
of things is called material order and placement of people is called social
order.
• Material
order-There should be safe, appropriate and specific place for every article
and every place to be effectively used for specific activity and commodity.
•Social
order- Selection and appointment of most suitable person on the suitable job.
•There should
be a specific place for every one and everyone should have a specific place so
that they can easily be contacted whenever need arises.
• A place
for everything and everything in its place.
• Proper &
systematic arrangement of things and people.
• Arrangement
of things is called material order and placement of people is called social
order.
Discipline
• According
to Fayol- “Discipline means sincerity, obedience, respect of authority &
observance of rules and regulations of the enterprise”.
• Outward
marks of respect.
• This
principle applies that subordinate should respect their superiors and obey
their order.
• It is
an important requisite for smooth running of the enterprise.
• Discipline
is not only required on path of subordinates but also on the part of
management.
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