Short Notes on- Commercial Announcements

Commercial Announcements is dedicated to manufacturers and developers of sample libraries, virtual instruments, and other music gear announcing their development, upgrades, updates, upcoming releases, projects, contests, and promotions and deals them themselves put together. 

The invention relates to a method for broadcasting customized commercial announcements, that includes the following steps: determining at least one broadcasting criterion; making a pre-selection of a group of commercial announcements corresponding to the broadcasting criterion or criteria; from said pre-selection, making a selection of announcements having an intrinsic correlation between them based on at least one predetermined correlation criterion; concatenating the selected announcements in order to form at least one eligible commercial sequence; electing a sequence from the selected announcements; and broadcasting the elected sequence.

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Short Notes on Non-Performing Asset

The bank being financial intermediaries are in the business of accepting deposits for the purpose of lending and to augment their resources at times they borrow money from other sources and meet the ever increasing borrowing requirements of their customers. However, most of the business is done by banks with the funds which are collected from the public by way of deposits. They are, therefore, answerable to the public at large, who are keeping their funds with the banks by reposing trust in the ability of banks that they will not put the depositors interest to jeopardy.

A non-performing asset in the banking sector may be termed as an asset not contributing to the income of the bank. In other words, it is a zero yield asset when applied particularly to loan and advances. The actual concept of NPA is that it is an asset which ceases to yield income for the bank and that any income accrued from such asset shall not be treated as income until it is actually realized. Classification of an asset as NPA should be a based on record of recovery. Therefore, an asset is to be classified as NPA when there is a threat of loss for the recoverability is in doubt. In spite of wide ranging reform measures initiated in the banking sector, the problem of non-performing assets assumed a central place in issues relating to banking sector.

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Marketing Short Notes on- 'Customer loyalty'

Customer loyalty is all about attracting the right customer, getting them to buy, buy often, buy in higher quantities and bring one even more customers. However, that focus is not how one builds customer loyalty. 

One builds loyalty by- 

1. Keeping touch with customers using email marketing, thank you cards and more. 

2. Treating your team well so they treat your customers well. 

3. Showing that you care and remembering what they like and don’t like. 

4. You build it by rewarding them for choosing you over your competitors. 

5. You build it by truly giving a damn about them and figuring out how to make them more success, happy and joyful. 

In short, one builds customer loyalty by treating people how they want to be treated.

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Marketing Short Note-`Brand Equity'

Brand Equity is the value and strength of the Brand that decides its worth. It can also be defined as the differential impact of brand knowledge on consumer’s response to the Brand Marketing. Brand Equity exists as a function of consumer choice in the market place. The concept of Brand Equity comes into existence when consumer makes a choice of a product or a service. It occurs when the consumer is familiar with the brand and holds some favourable positive strong and distinctive brand associations in the memory.

Brand Equity can be determined by measuring:
• Returns to the Share-Holders.
• Evaluating the Brand Image for various parameters that are considered significant.
• Evaluating the Brand’s earning potential in long run.
• By evaluating the increased volume of sales created by the brand compared to other brands in the same class.
• The price premium charged by the brand over non-branded products.
• From the prices of the shares that an organization commands in the market (specifically if the brand name is identical to the corporate name or the consumers can easily co-relate the performance of all the individual brands of the organization with the organizational financial performance.

Factors contributing to Brand Equity
• Brand Awareness
• Brand Associations
• Brand Loyalty
• Perceived Quality
• Other Proprietary Brand Assets

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Management Short Notes on 'job description'

A job description identifies essential and non-essential tasks that are assigned to a specific position. It also identifies reporting relationships and may also describe required qualifications, minimum requirements, working conditions, and desirable qualifications.
Supervisors are responsible for developing and maintaining accurate and current job descriptions for their staff. The duties should be appropriate for the classification and consistent with the class specification. It is not uncommon for duty statements to vary within the same classification due to the various departmental settings and organizational structures.

A job description is a powerful tool that is used:

1.    To communicate the job expectations to the employee

2.    To focus recruitment efforts

3.    To manage employee performance

4.    To set employee and organization goals
5.    For workload management

6.    For succession planning

7.    To create training and development plans

8.    For the job evaluation and classification process

9.    To establish fair, competitive pay rates for staff members

10.    To develop career paths and opportunities for job growth

11.    To help maintain compliance with federal regulations

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Management Short Notes on 'Management by exception'

Management by exception is a style of business management that focuses on identifying and handling cases that deviate from the norm, recommended as best practice by PRINCE2.

Management by exception has both a general business application and a business intelligence application. General business exceptions are cases that deviate from the normal behavior in a business process and need to be cared for in a unique manner, typically by human intervention. Their cause might include: process deviation, infrastructure or connectivity issues, external deviation, poor quality business rules, malformed data, etc. Management by exception here is the practice of investigating, resolving and handling such occurrences by using skilled staff and software tools. Good management can contribute to efficiency of business processes. Often in these cases the process will be called exception management, as exceptional cases are not the sole focus of the managerial policy, and exception management (as opposed to management by exception) denotes a more moderate application of the process.

Management by exception (MBE), when applied to business is a style of management that gives employees the responsibility to take decisions and to fulfill their work or projects by themselves. It consists of focus and analysis of statistically relevant anomalies in the data. If an unusual situation or deviation in the recorded data appears, which could cause difficulties for the business and can’t be managed by the employee at his level, the employee should pass the decision on to the next higher level. For example, if all products are selling at their expected volumes for the quarter, except one particular product which is underperforming or overperforming at a statistically relevant margin, only the data for that product will be presented to the managers for further investigation and discovery of the root cause. 

Management by exception can bring forward business errors and oversights, ineffective strategies that need to be improved, changes in competition and business opportunities. Management by exception is intended to reduce the managerial load and enable managers to spend their time more effectively in areas where it will have the most impact.

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Management Short Notes on 'Strategic planning'

The process by which leaders of an organization determine what it intends to be in the future and how it will get there. To put it another way, they develop a vision for the organization's future and determine the necessary priorities, procedures, and operations (strategies) to achieve that vision.

Included are measurable goals which are realistic and attainable, but also challenging; emphasis is on long-term goals and strategies, rather than short-term (such as annual) objectives. Strategic planning assumes that certain aspects of the future can be created or influenced by the organization.
Strategic planning is ongoing; it is "the process of self-examination, the confrontation of difficult choices, and the establishment of priorities"

Strategic planning involves "charting a course that you believe is wise, then adjusting that course as you gain more information and experience"

Lastly, Strategic planning is a tool for organizing the present on the basis of the projections of the desired future. That is, a strategic plan is a road map to lead an organization from where it is now to where it would like to be in five or ten years.

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Marketing Short Notes on 'strategic business unit'

A strategic business unit (SBU) is an organizational subunit that acts like an independent business in many major respects, including the formulation of its own strategic plans and its own marketing strategy. An SBU may share its parent organization’s corporate identity or develop its own brand identity, depending on the degrees of freedom allowed to the management of the division.

A one-fit-all strategic approach would be inadequate in large, diversified organizations and multinational companies. Dividing the corporation’s operations into SBUs increases efficiency and market focus and efficiently organizes the business portfolio of a broadly diversified company.

SBUs are found to be a viable form of organizational sectioning because they ensure that products and product lines are given specialized focus, as if they were developed and marketed by an independent company. Products with smaller sales volumes and profit margins than a corporation’s top performers would still be nurtured and promoted by its SBU. The division would focus on a market sector that may be small in comparison but still constitutes a profitable market niche.

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Marketing Short Notes on 'Marketing Environment'

The introductory definition of the marketing environment stated that, “it is the sum of the total of the factors or variables which potentially influence the marketing of a product or service".
 

In order to expose a list of possible influencing factors, it is necessary to refer to references made to the marketing environment by recognized authors.

It consists of a number of external components (i.e., external sub-environments) which influence the organization’s marketing practices either directly or indirectly. In the first chapter of this book, it is indicated that the evolution of the marketing concept and the stages through which it passed, was an outgrowth of the changes in the surrounding environment. This indicates that examining and responding to the marketing environment is considered an important practice for the success of any organization. It is worthwhile to note that marketing is probably the function that is most influenced by the external environment in an organization.

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