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Discuss the following principles enunciated by Henri Fayol.

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Discuss the following principles enunciated by Henri Fayol
(i)       Division of Labor
(ii)     Unity of Direction
(iii)    Discipline
(iv)    Order
(Exam-JAIBB, Organization and Management, June, 2014)
Ans:
Henri Fayol (1841-1925) was a French management theorist whose theories in management and organization of labor were widely influential in the beginning of
20th century. He was a mining engineer who worked for a French mining company Commentry – Fourchamboult - Decazeville, first as an engineer, then moved into general management and Managing Director from 1888 to 1918.
During his tenure as MD he wrote various articles on administration and in 1916
The Bulletin de la Société de l’ Industrie Minérale, printed his Administration, Industrielleet Générale – Prévoyance, Ogranisation, Commandement, Coordination, Contrôle.
In 1949 the first English translation appeared and titled 'General and Industrial Management' by Constance Storrs.
 
The principles enunciated by Henri Fayol are asked to discuss, discussed below-
Division of Labor
• Specialization of jobs.
• Work of all kinds must be divided & subdivided and allotted to various persons according to their expertise in a particular area.
• Subdivision of work makes it simpler and results in efficiency.
• It also helps the individual in acquiring speed, accuracy in his performance and familiarity of job.
Unity of Direction
• Fayol advocates one head one plan- there should be one plan for a group of activities having similar objectives.
•Related activities should be grouped together.
•There should be one plan of action for them and they should be under the charge of a particular manager.
• Efforts of all the members of the organization should be directed towards common goal.
• Without unity of direction, unity of action cannot be achieved.
• Unity of command is not possible without unity of direction.
Order
• A place for everything and everything in its place.
• Proper & systematic arrangement of things and people.
• Arrangement of things is called material order and placement of people is called social order.
• Material order-There should be safe, appropriate and specific place for every article and every place to be effectively used for specific activity and commodity.
•Social order- Selection and appointment of most suitable person on the suitable job.
•There should be a specific place for every one and everyone should have a specific place so that they can easily be contacted whenever need arises.
• A place for everything and everything in its place.
• Proper & systematic arrangement of things and people.
• Arrangement of things is called material order and placement of people is called social order.
Discipline
• According to Fayol- “Discipline means sincerity, obedience, respect of authority & observance of rules and regulations of the enterprise”.
• Outward marks of respect.
• This principle applies that subordinate should respect their superiors and obey their order.
• It is an important requisite for smooth running of the enterprise.
• Discipline is not only required on path of subordinates but also on the part of management.
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